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Today, however, many doubt that the flawless features of L'Inconnue's mask could have ever come from a drowned girl – with skeptics suggesting that the face of a corpse, especially one retrieved from a river, would be misshapen, bloated, or scarred. The lyric 'Annie, are you OK?' from the Michael Jackson song 'Smooth Criminal' actually stems from American CPR training, in which students practise speaking to their unresponsive plastic patient, CPR Annie. With time, the resuscitation replica became famous herself – separately from L'Inconnue and the bygone trends of late 19th century Paris. ' Resusci Anne helped us understand this.' 'Simulation training has begun to understand 'necessary realism' to create memorable learning that is transferable to the real-world situation,' Festa told ScienceAlert.

'It is the face of simulation in healthcare – as championed initially by Laerdal.'Īccording to Festa, Resusci Anne's incorporation of life-like facial features helped increase the realism of resuscitation training, making CPR training more intense and stressful for both clinicians and lay-people – but also more memorable as a result, which aids recall of the technique. 'The impact of this mannequin has been enormous,' says paediatric intensive care specialist Marino Festa from the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney. Ironically, most of these rescues were the eventual result of people kneeling down and coming face to face with the replica of an unknown dead girl from Paris – a Jane Doe who perished long before the technique could ever have saved her.

Today, the Laerdal company estimates that two million lives have been saved by CPR. That incredible number, amassed over almost 60 years of live-giving mouth to mouth, is why Resusci Anne is often said to have the most-kissed face of anyone in history.

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Since she became available in the 1960s, Resusci Anne hasn't been the only CPR mannequin on the market, but she is considered the first and most successful 'patient simulator' ever – responsible for helping hundreds of millions of people learn the basics of how to save a life with CPR. The mannequin was given the name Resusci Anne (Rescue Anne) in America, she was known as CPR Annie.

Laerdal felt it was important that the mannequin should be a female, suspecting that men in the 1960s would be reluctant to practise CPR on a male doll's lips.

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Laerdal kept the name of his Anne doll, but gave the new mannequin L'Inconnue's face, along with a body of full sized adult dimensions – including a collapsible chest for practising compressions, and open lips to simulate mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.Īsmund Laerdal with Resusci Anne (Laerdal) A serene mask he'd seen hanging on the wall at his in-laws' house. That's when Laerdal recalled a strange, enigmatic half-smile. With these researchers – including, most notably, the Austrian physician Peter Safar, who had helped pioneer the CPR method – Laerdal embarked upon a history-making project: making a life-sized mannequin that people could use to practise life-saving techniques.įor a toymaker accustomed to manufacturing miniature cars and play-dolls, it was a challenge to make a realistic, functional mannequin one that could reliably demonstrate the physical complexities of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Īside from the technical issues, what kind of face would he give to this giant doll? So when a group of anaesthesiologists approached Laerdal and told him they needed a doll to demonstrate a newly developed resuscitation technique – a procedure known as CPR – they found an attentive, receptive listener.